VirtualBox Shared Folders?

Yes, you are doing it correctly. Unfortunately, the gcc2 version of the VirtualBox Guest Additions package from HaikuDepot doesn’t include vboxsf driver because it crashes Haiku, IIRC. See https://github.com/haikuports/haikuports/blob/master/app-emulation/virtualbox-guest-additions/virtualbox_guest_additions-4.3.53_svn.recipe#L74

There was VirtualBox Guest Additions for gcc4 archive in zip format which included said filesystem driver but it only works with gcc4 Haiku of course. http://www.freelists.org/post/haiku-development/RFC-GSOC-2011-VirtualBox-guest-additions-added-to-official-optional-packages

There are two options: either fix the driver so it doesn’t crash the kernel or use VMware with https://depot.haiku-os.org/vmware_addons which also has the same function which even if buggy (you can’t open some files (like jpeg) from shared folders directly) seems to work.